OPSAWG B. Claise
Internet-Draft Everything OPS & Arrcus
Intended status: Standards Track P. Aitken
Expires: 1 May 2027 Ciena
H. Keller
Deutsche Telekom
Y. Liu
ZTE Corporation
28 October 2026
Generic MPLS Information Elements for Ordered Export in IPFIX
draft-claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-mpls-ie-00
Abstract
This document defines new generic IPFIX Information Elements for MPLS
label stacks and label attributes, intended for use with the ordered
set mechanisms that provide an explicit ordering guarantee for
repeated Information Elements.
Status of This Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Terminology and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Existing IEs for MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Generic MPLS Information Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. mplsLabelStackEntry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2. mplsLabelType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.3. mplsLabelIPv4Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.4. mplsLabelPrefixLength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.5. mplsLabelIPv6Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.6. TTL and TC Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.7. Applicability to Stack Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Use with Ordered Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Coexistence and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix A. MPLS Positional-to-Generic Migration . . . . . . . . 11
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Introduction
The IPFIX protocol [RFC7011] allows the same Information Element (IE)
to appear multiple times in a Template Record.
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie] defines Ordered Template Sets
and Ordered Options Template Sets that provide an explicit, end-to-
end ordering guarantee: the Metering Process records repeated IE
values in observation order, the Exporting Process preserves and
signals that order, and the Collecting Process interprets the n-th
occurrence as the n-th observation at the Observation Point.
MPLS label stacks are one of the primary use cases for Ordered
Export. As described in Section 3.2 of
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie], the absence of an ordering
guarantee has led to the definition of ten positional MPLS label
stack Information Elements (mplsTopLabelStackSection through
mplsLabelStackSection10, IPFIX IE 70 through IE 79), plus a cluster
of MPLS label attributes.
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This document defines new generic MPLS Information Elements that,
when repeated in an Ordered Template Record, can be used instead of
the positional MPLS IEs. The positional IEs are not deprecated; see
Section 6. The ordering mechanism, and the general rules for
repeated Information Elements are specified in
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie].
2. Terminology and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
The terminology defined in [RFC7011] applies to this document.
The terms "Ordered Template Record", "Ordered Options Template
Record", "Ordered Template Set" and "Ordered Options Template Set"
are used as defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie].
Ordered Export: The export of repeated Information Elements using
Ordered Template Sets or Ordered Options Template Sets as defined in
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie].
3. Existing IEs for MPLS
The IPFIX Information Elements registry [IANA.IPFIX] currently
defines ten positional label stack Information Elements, originally
specified in [RFC5102]:
* mplsTopLabelStackSection (IPFIX IE 70)
* mplsLabelStackSection2 (IPFIX IE 71)
* mplsLabelStackSection3 (IPFIX IE 72)
* mplsLabelStackSection4 (IPFIX IE 73)
* mplsLabelStackSection5 (IPFIX IE 74)
* mplsLabelStackSection6 (IPFIX IE 75)
* mplsLabelStackSection7 (IPFIX IE 76)
* mplsLabelStackSection8 (IPFIX IE 77)
* mplsLabelStackSection9 (IPFIX IE 78)
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* mplsLabelStackSection10 (IPFIX IE 79)
In addition, a cluster of Information Elements exists for attributes
of the top-of-stack label only: mplsTopLabelType (IPFIX IE 46),
mplsTopLabelIPv4Address (IPFIX IE 47), mplsTopLabelPrefixLength
(IPFIX IE 91), mplsTopLabelIPv6Address (IPFIX IE 140),
mplsTopLabelTTL (IPFIX IE 200), mplsTopLabelExp (IPFIX IE 203), and
postMplsTopLabelExp (IPFIX IE 237).
With the Ordered Export mechanism defined in
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie], the Exporting Process can use a
single generic Information Element repeated N times in an Ordered
Template Record and signal that the sequence reflects the top-to-
bottom order observed by the Metering Process.
4. Generic MPLS Information Elements
The five Information Elements defined in this section are intended
for use in Ordered Template Records and Ordered Options Template
Records as defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie]. The
ordering, occurrence, and observation rules defined in that document
apply to these Information Elements. This section only defines the
element-specific semantics.
4.1. mplsLabelStackEntry
Name: mplsLabelStackEntry
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
Data Type Semantics: default
Description: The contents of a label stack entry at any position in
the MPLS label stack, encoded as the 4-octet MPLS label stack entry
format defined in Section 2.1 of [RFC3032]. The encoding comprises a
20-bit label value, a 3-bit Traffic Class (TC) field, a 1-bit Stack
Bottom (S) flag, and an 8-bit Time to Live (TTL) field. When this
Information Element appears multiple times in an Ordered Template
Record as defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie], the N-th
occurrence corresponds to the label stack entry at stack position N
(counting from the top) as observed by the Metering Process at the
Observation Point. If only one occurrence is present, it denotes
stack position 1 (the top of the stack).
Additional Information: See Section 2.1 of [RFC3032] for the MPLS
label stack entry encoding.
Reference: This document.
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4.2. mplsLabelType
Name: mplsLabelType
Abstract Data Type: unsigned8
Data Type Semantics: identifier
Description: The type of the MPLS label at the given stack position.
The value is encoded as a single unsigned 8-bit identifier assigned
by IANA in the "IPFIX MPLS label type (Value 46)" subregistry. The
registry value identifies the control protocol that allocated the
label at that stack position. When this Information Element appears
multiple times in an Ordered Template Record as defined in
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie], the N-th occurrence corresponds
to the label type at stack position N (counting from the top) as
observed by the Metering Process at the Observation Point. If only
one occurrence is present, it denotes stack position 1 (the top of
the stack). The value 0 (Unknown) denotes that the label type at
that position is not known.
Additional Information: See the IANA "IPFIX MPLS label type (Value
46)" subregistry for the list of values.
Reference: This document.
4.3. mplsLabelIPv4Address
Name: mplsLabelIPv4Address
Abstract Data Type: ipv4Address
Data Type Semantics: default
Description: The IPv4 address of the system that the MPLS label at
the given stack position will cause this Flow to be forwarded to.
When this Information Element appears multiple times in an Ordered
Template Record as defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie],
the N-th occurrence corresponds to the next-hop IPv4 address for the
label at stack position N (counting from the top) as observed by the
Metering Process at the Observation Point. If only one occurrence is
present, it denotes stack position 1.
Additional Information: mplsTopLabelIPv4Address (IPFIX IE 47) exports
the same information for the top of the stack only. In an Ordered
Template Record, this Information Element can be used instead of
mplsTopLabelIPv4Address, and covers every stack position. IE 47
remains current; see Section 6.
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Reference: This document.
4.4. mplsLabelPrefixLength
Name: mplsLabelPrefixLength
Abstract Data Type: unsigned8
Data Type Semantics: quantity
Description: The prefix length of the subnet of the
mplsLabelIPv4Address or mplsLabelIPv6Address that the MPLS label at
the given stack position will cause the Flow to be forwarded to.
When this Information Element appears multiple times in an Ordered
Template Record as defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie],
the N-th occurrence corresponds to the prefix length for the label at
stack position N (counting from the top) as observed by the Metering
Process at the Observation Point. If only one occurrence is present,
it denotes stack position 1.
Units: bits
Range: 0-128
Additional Information: mplsTopLabelPrefixLength (IPFIX IE 91)
exports the same information for the top of the stack only. In an
Ordered Template Record, this Information Element can be used instead
of mplsTopLabelPrefixLength, and covers every stack position. IE 91
remains current; see Section 6.
Reference: This document.
4.5. mplsLabelIPv6Address
Name: mplsLabelIPv6Address
Abstract Data Type: ipv6Address
Data Type Semantics: default
Description: The IPv6 address of the system that the MPLS label at
the given stack position will cause this Flow to be forwarded to.
When this Information Element appears multiple times in an Ordered
Template Record as defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie],
the N-th occurrence corresponds to the next-hop IPv6 address for the
label at stack position N (counting from the top) as observed by the
Metering Process at the Observation Point. If only one occurrence is
present, it denotes stack position 1.
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Additional Information: mplsTopLabelIPv6Address (IPFIX IE 140)
exports the same information for the top of the stack only. In an
Ordered Template Record, this Information Element can be used instead
of mplsTopLabelIPv6Address, and covers every stack position. IE 140
remains current; see Section 6.
Reference: This document.
4.6. TTL and TC Considerations
No separate generic IPFIX IEs for TTL and TC (Exp) are defined in
this document. The TTL and TC (Exp) fields are already encoded as
subfields of the 4-octet label stack entry exported by
mplsLabelStackEntry (Section 4.1). mplsTopLabelTTL (IPFIX IE 200)
and mplsTopLabelExp (IPFIX IE 203) can be derived from
mplsLabelStackEntry when used with Ordered Export. IE 200 and IE 203
remain current; see Section 6.
The existing positional IPFIX IEs mplsTopLabelStackSection (IE 70)
through mplsLabelStackSection10 (IE 79) encode only 3 octets (label,
TC, and S fields), omitting the TTL field. mplsLabelStackEntry
encodes the full 4-octet label stack entry as defined in Section 2.1
of [RFC3032], so the TTL can be exported at any stack depth without a
separate TTL Information Element.
postMplsTopLabelExp (IPFIX IE 237) is not in scope for this document,
and no generic replacement is defined here.
4.7. Applicability to Stack Positions
The Information Elements defined in this document differ in their
applicability across stack positions.
mplsLabelStackEntry (Section 4.1) is meaningful at every stack
position, because every MPLS label stack entry carries label, TC, S,
and TTL fields as defined in [RFC3032].
mplsLabelType (Section 4.2), mplsLabelIPv4Address (Section 4.3),
mplsLabelIPv6Address (Section 4.5), and mplsLabelPrefixLength
(Section 4.4) describe attributes associated with the forwarding
decision for a label. In typical MPLS data-plane operation, the
forwarding decision is driven by the top-of-stack label. The values
of these attributes may not be available for lower stack positions,
depending on the implementation and the control-plane information
available to the Metering Process.
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Because the n-th occurrence of each of these Information Elements
describes stack position n, the occurrences of mplsLabelType,
mplsLabelIPv4Address, mplsLabelIPv6Address, or mplsLabelPrefixLength
in a Data Record are consecutive from stack position 1. If the label
type at stack position K is not known, the Exporting Process exports
the value 0 (Unknown) of mplsLabelType for that position. If the
value of mplsLabelIPv4Address, mplsLabelIPv6Address, or
mplsLabelPrefixLength is not available for stack position K, the
Exporting Process MUST NOT export an occurrence of that Information
Element for stack position K or for any deeper stack position.
5. Use with Ordered Export
The generic MPLS Information Elements defined in this document are
intended for use in Ordered Template Records and Ordered Options
Template Records as defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie].
The Exporting Process includes the same generic IE multiple times in
an Ordered Template Record; the Collecting Process interprets the
n-th occurrence as the n-th observation by the Metering Process at
the Observation Point, as specified in
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie].
These Information Elements can also be used in a Template Record of a
Template Set or an Options Template Set (Set ID 2 or 3). A single
occurrence then describes stack position 1, the top of the stack. If
an Information Element is repeated in such a Template Record, the
order of the Information Elements in the Template Record is not
guaranteed (see Sections 4.2 and 4.3 of [RFC7011]), and the n-th
occurrence therefore does not correspond to stack position n.
For example, an Ordered Template Record may contain
mplsLabelStackEntry repeated N times to export an N-entry label
stack, with the first occurrence representing the top of the stack
and the N-th occurrence representing the bottom. Similarly,
mplsLabelType, mplsLabelIPv4Address, mplsLabelPrefixLength, or
mplsLabelIPv6Address may be repeated to export the corresponding
attribute for each stack position at which that attribute is
available.
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The ordering guarantee applies independently to each Information
Element, as specified in Section 4.3 of
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie], which defines no relative
ordering between occurrences of different Information Elements. The
correspondence between the Information Elements defined in this
document comes from their definitions in Section 4: for every one of
them, the n-th occurrence corresponds to stack position n. The n-th
occurrence of mplsLabelStackEntry and the n-th occurrence of
mplsLabelType therefore describe the same stack position, because
each is defined that way, and not because of any ordering between the
two Information Elements.
This document relies on the dense, consecutive export model defined
in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie]. The cases where only a
sparse subset of stack positions is exported are out of the scope of
this document.
6. Coexistence and Migration
The generic MPLS Information Elements defined in this document do not
immediately obsolete the existing positional IPFIX IEs. Collecting
Processes that do not support Ordered Export continue to require the
positional IPFIX IEs. An Exporting Process that needs to serve such
Collecting Processes continues to export the positional IEs, and can
export the generic IEs toward Collecting Processes that support
Ordered Export.
Once Ordered Export is widely deployed, the positional MPLS IPFIX IEs
listed in Appendix A may be deprecated in a future document. This
document does not request deprecation of those IEs.
Appendix A provides the migration mapping from positional MPLS IEs to
the generic IEs defined in this document when used with Ordered
Export.
7. Operational Considerations
Ordered Export is additive, as described in
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie]. Operators SHOULD enable
Ordered Export of MPLS Information Elements only toward Collecting
Processes that are known to support the Ordered Template Sets or
Ordered Options Template Sets defined in [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-
ordered-ie]. Deployment against unaware Collecting Processes may
result in silent loss of entire Ordered Sets, as discussed in
Section 5.4 of [I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie].
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The new mplsLabelStackEntry IE is 4 octets, whereas the existing
positional label stack IEs are 3 octets. Deployments that do not
require TTL information may observe a small increase in per-label
export size when using the generic IE.
Verification of correct operation requires confirming that the
Exporting Process preserves the Metering Process observation order
and that the Collecting Process interprets the n-th occurrence as
stack position n. Correct interpretation can be verified by
comparing collected data against known MPLS label stacks in a test
environment.
8. Security Considerations
This document does not change the trust model of the IPFIX protocol.
The security considerations of [RFC7011] and
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie] apply.
An Exporting Process that uses an Ordered Template Set but fails to
preserve the Metering Process observation order will cause the
Collecting Process to misinterpret MPLS label stack positions.
Operators SHOULD ensure that the Exporting Process and Metering
Process are correctly coordinated before using Ordered Export for
MPLS Information Elements.
9. IANA Considerations
This document requests IANA to allocate the Information Elements
defined in Section 4 in the "IPFIX Information Elements" registry
[IANA.IPFIX]:
+===========+=======================+=============+
| ElementID | Name | Reference |
+===========+=======================+=============+
| TBD1 | mplsLabelStackEntry | Section 4.1 |
+-----------+-----------------------+-------------+
| TBD2 | mplsLabelType | Section 4.2 |
+-----------+-----------------------+-------------+
| TBD3 | mplsLabelIPv4Address | Section 4.3 |
+-----------+-----------------------+-------------+
| TBD4 | mplsLabelPrefixLength | Section 4.4 |
+-----------+-----------------------+-------------+
| TBD5 | mplsLabelIPv6Address | Section 4.5 |
+-----------+-----------------------+-------------+
Table 1: New IPFIX Information Elements
10. References
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10.1. Normative References
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie]
Claise, B., Aitken, P., Keller, H., and Y. Liu, "Ordered
Information Element Export in IP Flow Information Export
(IPFIX)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-claise-
opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie,
.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
.
[RFC3032] Rosen, E., Tappan, D., Fedorkow, G., Rekhter, Y.,
Farinacci, D., Li, T., and A. Conta, "MPLS Label Stack
Encoding", RFC 3032, DOI 10.17487/RFC3032, January 2001,
.
[RFC7011] Claise, B., Ed., Trammell, B., Ed., and P. Aitken,
"Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)
Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information", STD 77,
RFC 7011, DOI 10.17487/RFC7011, September 2013,
.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, .
10.2. Informative References
[IANA.IPFIX]
IANA, "IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Entities",
.
[RFC5102] Quittek, J., Bryant, S., Claise, B., Aitken, P., and J.
Meyer, "Information Model for IP Flow Information Export",
RFC 5102, DOI 10.17487/RFC5102, January 2008,
.
Appendix A. MPLS Positional-to-Generic Migration
This appendix is informative. It provides the migration mapping from
positional MPLS IPFIX IEs to the generic IEs defined in this document
when used with Ordered Export as defined in
[I-D.claise-opsawg-ipfix-ordered-ie].
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The "Generic IE" column identifies the Information Element that can
be used in place of the positional IE when Ordered Export is used.
It does not indicate that the positional IE is deprecated or
obsolete.
The positional label stack IEs (IPFIX IE 70 through IE 79) are 3
octets long and carry the Label, Exp, and S fields. The generic
mplsLabelStackEntry is 4 octets long and carries the complete label
stack entry of Section 2.1 of [RFC3032], which adds the TTL field as
the fourth octet. The first three octets of mplsLabelStackEntry have
the same layout as the positional IEs. A Collecting Process
therefore cannot decode the two with the same field length. It has
to account for the extra octet, and the TTL is available only with
the generic IE.
+========================+===+=====================+====+===========+
|Positional IE |IE |Generic IE |IE |Notes |
| |ID | |ID | |
+========================+===+=====================+====+===========+
|mplsTopLabelType |46 |mplsLabelType |TBD2|Top-of- |
| | | | |stack only;|
| | | | |generic IE |
| | | | |covers |
| | | | |position N |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsTopLabelIPv4Address |47 |mplsLabelIPv4Address |TBD3|Top-of- |
| | | | |stack only;|
| | | | |generic IE |
| | | | |covers |
| | | | |position N |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsTopLabelStackSection|70 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |1 (top of |
| | | | |stack) |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection2 |71 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |2 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection3 |72 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |3 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection4 |73 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |4 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection5 |74 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |5 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection6 |75 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
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| | | | |6 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection7 |76 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |7 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection8 |77 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |8 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection9 |78 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |9 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsLabelStackSection10 |79 |mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|Occurrence |
| | | | |10 |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsTopLabelPrefixLength|91 |mplsLabelPrefixLength|TBD4|Top-of- |
| | | | |stack only;|
| | | | |generic IE |
| | | | |covers |
| | | | |position N |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsTopLabelIPv6Address |140|mplsLabelIPv6Address |TBD5|Top-of- |
| | | | |stack only;|
| | | | |generic IE |
| | | | |covers |
| | | | |position N |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsTopLabelTTL |200|mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|TTL is |
| | | | |encoded in |
| | | | |octet 4 of |
| | | | |the 4-octet|
| | | | |label stack|
| | | | |entry |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|mplsTopLabelExp |203|mplsLabelStackEntry |TBD1|TC (Exp) is|
| | | | |encoded in |
| | | | |bits 21-23 |
| | | | |of the |
| | | | |4-octet |
| | | | |label stack|
| | | | |entry |
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
|postMplsTopLabelExp |237|(not in scope) |-- |Post-policy|
| | | | |TC; no |
| | | | |generic |
| | | | |replacement|
| | | | |defined in |
| | | | |this |
| | | | |document |
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Internet-Draft Generic MPLS IEs for Ordered Export October 2026
+------------------------+---+---------------------+----+-----------+
Table 2: MPLS Positional-to-Generic Migration Mapping
Acknowledgements
TBD.
Authors' Addresses
Benoit Claise
Everything OPS & Arrcus
Email: benoit@everything-ops.net
Paul Aitken
Ciena
Email: paitken@ciena.com
Holger Keller
Deutsche Telekom
Email: holger.keller@telekom.de
Yao Liu
ZTE Corporation
Email: liu.yao71@zte.com.cn
Claise, et al. Expires 1 May 2027 [Page 14]